The tables are based on the NSDUH survey, which interviews people ages 12 or older in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. In the tables, indicators are broken out by a variety of demographic, geographic, and economic variables. For Sharon Larson, a longtime public health researcher who recently reviewed the evidence on supervised injection and assessed their potential impact for the city of Philadelphia, questions still remain. Early on, they considered setting up the gold standard for a study — a randomized trial — but that would mean separating a sample of drug users into two groups, one that gets access to Insight, and one that doesn’t. After years of drug-user-led activism, the government approved it as a pilot, creating a place with wrap-around addiction services under the same roof, and mandated scientific evaluations on the impact from the start.
New recommendation on hepatitis C virus testing and treatment for people at ongoing risk of infection
Global coverage of harm reduction interventions is extremely low – less than 1% of people who inject drugs live in settings with sufficient, combined and high-coverage services. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Small Area Estimates displays the prevalence of mental health or substance use issues within a geographic area. Use this tool to compare between areas, look at how the outcome has changed over time, or compare the data to related issues. Find key substance use, mental health, and treatment indicators among adults aged 60 or older in the United States, by gender.
- Number, rate, and rate ratio of diagnoses of HIV infection among adult and adolescent persons who inject drugs (PWID), by selected characteristics—United States, 2011.
- Through a CDC data request, we obtained data from the 2018 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) Injection Drug Use cycle, which uses respondent-driven sampling to collect data on PWID in 23 US metropolitan statistical areas [37].
- For patients on opioid maintenance therapy, the dose and timing of the last dose should be confirmed with the dispensing centre at the first opportunity.
- Furthermore, there are approximately 2.3 million HIV–HCV co-infections worldwide, of which more than half (1.3 million) occur in people who inject drugs (WHO, 2016).
Infectious Diseases in Persons Who Inject Drugs
- Syringe services programs (SSPs) are community-based prevention programs that can provide a range of services, including access to and disposal of sterile syringes and injection equipment, vaccination, testing, and linkage to infectious disease care and substance use treatment.
- In other words, the likelihood that a user may overdose or develop health issues has no impact on its classification as a Schedule I – V drug.
- Some examples of Schedule II drugs are cocaine, fentanyl, methamphetamine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.
- Number, rate, and rate ratio of adult and adolescent persons who inject drugs (PWID) living with diagnosed HIV infection, by selected characteristics—United States, 2010.
An accurate drug history, including route of administration, should be completed for all patients on admission, acknowledging that this may need to be repeated until an accurate picture is gained. All IDUs should be asked about the use of other substances, especially alcohol and benzodiazepines. For patients on opioid maintenance therapy, the dose and timing of the last dose should be confirmed with the dispensing centre at the first opportunity. Septic pulmonary iv drug use emboli can seed from injection-site infections and tricuspid valve endocarditis and usually present with high fever and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary emboli.11 Lung abscesses result typically from aspiration, frequently due to K pneumoniae13 or septic emboli. Although chest X-ray is sufficient to demonstrate the pulmonary infection in most cases, CT can be useful to confirm cavitation and the distribution of infection and to exclude pulmonary embolus.
Invasive Bacterial and Fungal Infections
The survey covers residents of households (including those living in houses, townhouses, apartments, and condominiums), persons in noninstitutional group quarters (including those in shelters, boarding houses, college dormitories, migratory work camps, and halfway houses), and civilians living on military bases. Persons excluded from the survey include individuals experiencing homelessness who do not use shelters, active military personnel, and residents of institutional group quarters such as jails, nursing homes, mental institutions, and long-term care hospitals. “That might seem odd to people. You know, you give someone a safer, cleaner, warmer drier place to inject and they end up going into addiction treatment,” Milloy says.
Findings suggest the population size of PWID has substantially grown in the past decade and that prevention services for PWID should be proportionally increased. The data provide estimates of substance use and mental illness at the national, state, and substate levels. NSDUH data also help to identify the extent of substance use and mental illness among different subgroups, estimate trends over time, and determine the need for treatment services. Get detailed national estimates from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The tables provide comprehensive statistics on substance use, mental health, and treatment in the United States. This is because changes in survey methodology mean the indicators are not comparable to past NSDUH estimates.
This report highlights 2023 estimates of substance use, mental health, and treatment in the United States. These national indicators are measured among people aged 12 or older in the civilian, noninstitutionalized population. Injection drug use provides an efficient mechanism for transmitting bloodborne viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). In the United States (U.S.), 8% of all new HIV infections in 2010 were among persons who inject drugs (PWID) and 3% were among PWID who also engaged in male-male sex [1].
Step 1: Estimate Number of Fatal Drug Overdoses Among PWID
Key populations at higher risk of HIV include people who sell sex, men who have sex with men, transgender people and people who inject drugs. A comprehensive package of services is recommended to address these infectious diseases in people who inject drugs. People who inject drugs are at increased risk of HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and viral hepatitis B and C (HBV and HCV), in addition to overdose.
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We used 2011 and 2010 census data, respectively, to determine the number of PWID for the HIV diagnosis rates and rates of living with diagnosed HIV infection (Table S1). Two trained reviewers screened abstracts from each of the 2,695 unduplicated references for specific criteria. We also excluded school-based samples (including university students) as these may under-estimate the PWID population proportion. We screened conference abstracts and dissertations but did not include them, as they provided too few details.
Where Does Data Come From
We then applied these proportions to census data to produce population size estimates. To estimate the disease burden among PWID by calculating rates of disease we used lifetime population size estimates of PWID as denominators and estimates of HIV and HCV infection from national HIV surveillance and survey data, respectively, as numerators. The 2019 NSDUH Detailed Tables present national estimates of substance use and mental health. The focus is on trends between 2018 and 2019 and from 2002 to 2019, as well as differences across population subgroups in 2019. These tables present information for youths aged 12 to 17 and adults aged 18 or older (separately and combined) on drug, alcohol, and tobacco use, as well as substance use disorder (SUD), risk and availability of substance use, treatment, health topics, and alcohol consumption. Please refer to Chapter 4 of the Methodological Summary and Definitions report for more information.